Energy and Natural resources affect the livelihood of over five billion people in developing countries and, in general, affect everybody everywhere. Ensuring sustainable economic development on the basis of the finite and depleting stocks of natural resources is crucial to the future of humanity on the disturbingly overcrowding, increasingly thirsty, and energy-guzzling planet.

The pros and cons of various options available for sustainable management of diverse resources such as fossil fuels, biofuels, solar energy, hydrogen energy, photovoltaics, solar cells, timber, mangroves, marine fisheries and others are outlined and illustrated with appropriate examples.